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| Local Self-Defence in Lithuania during the Nazi German occupation (1941–1944) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Local Self-Defence in Lithuania during the Nazi occupation (1941–44)
Local Self-Defence in Lithuania during the Nazi occupation consisted of voluntary units formed from the local population to protect villagers from the raids of the armed Soviet underground. Although originally banned, German authorities provided moderate support by 1943-44.
==Organization of self defence forces==
Immediately after the German occupation of Lithuania, rebel groups formed during the uprising of June 1941 were disbanded.
In order to prevent movements for Lithuanian autonomy, the German occupation force disarmed the units and restricted the activities of the self-defense initiatives. Self-defense functions were delegated to the Lithuanian Police and Auxiliary Police reserve units, ensuring allowed a strict control of membership of those loyal to the regime. The organization of local armed defense structures was prevented, while unarmed volunteer groups were controlled by self-governing Lithuanian authorities and the local people.
Following the orders of German administration the so-called "night guard" groups, formed in areas with large concentrations of partisans, were created to protect the villages in the region. As firearms were not provided the "night guards" equipped themselves with sticks. Their duty was to carry out surveillance, to detain suspicious persons and to warn both police and people of possible danger. As late as the autumn of 1943, these "night guard" groups were the only self-defense organizations that really existed. In summer 1943 the first groups of loyal residents were armed for operations against banditry. Furthermore, the Lithuanian administrations unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate the revival of the Riflemen Union. By the autumn of 1943 the coordinated Soviet underground activities forced the German authorities to allow armed self-defense bodies in Lithuania.〔( Rimantas Zizas. ''Vietinė savisauga (savigyna) Lietuvoje nacių Vokietijos okupacijos metais (1941–1944)'' (Local Defence (Self-Defence) in Lithuania during the Nazi German Occupation (1941–1944), Part 1). Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras, 2004. Last accessed on 84 August 2006. )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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